accuracy (නිරවද්‍යතාව)

In mathematics, accuracy is a measure of the precision of a number, reflecting the extent to which it has been rounded off or specified. The degree of accuracy is determined by the number of figures or decimal places used in representing or rounding off the number. Here are key points about accuracy:

1. Precision Measurement: Accuracy is associated with how precisely a value is determined or expressed. It is particularly relevant in the context of measurements or calculated results.
2. Decimal Places and Figures: The level of accuracy is influenced by the number of decimal places or significant figures used in the representation of a number. A greater number of decimal places generally indicates higher accuracy.
3. Rounding Off: In practical calculations or measurements, results often need to be rounded off. The choice of how many decimal places to round to affects the accuracy of the reported value.
   • For example, if the result of a calculation is 13.429314, it can be rounded off to different levels of precision:
     • Rounded to three decimal places: 13.429
     • Rounded to two decimal places: 13.43
     • Rounded to one decimal place: 13.4
     • Rounded to the nearest whole number: 13
4. Comparative Accuracy: When comparing different representations of values, the one with more decimal places or significant figures is considered more accurate.
5. Error Range: Accuracy can also be expressed in terms of a range of errors. For instance, an accuracy of ± 5% indicates that the true value may lie within 95% and 105% of the reported value.
6. Precision vs. Accuracy: While accuracy focuses on how closely a value represents the true or intended value, precision is about the degree of consistency or repeatability of measurements. High precision implies low variability in repeated measurements, while high accuracy implies closeness to the true value.

In summary, accuracy in mathematics involves considering the number of decimal places, significant figures, and the rounding off of values to represent a quantity with the desired level of precision. It is an essential aspect of communicating the reliability of measurements and calculations.